question:You will be shown a claim about public health, and the abstract of a biomedical research paper. Each sentence from the abstract will be on a separate line. Your task is to return a JSON object with two fields:- "verdict": The fact-checking verdict. If the information in the abstract supports the claim, write "SUPPORT". If the abstract contradicts the claim, write "CONTRADICT". If the abstract does not provide enough information to arrive at a verdict, write "NEI" (for "not enough information").- "evidence": An array of sentences providing evidence for the verdict. Please copy all relevant sentences verbatim from the abstract. If the verdict was "NEI", then return an empty array.For instance, if the model were given the claim "wearing masks can prevent the spread of COVID", the output might be{ "verdict": "SUPPORT", "evidence": ["Our findings indicate that mass mask-wearing reduces the transmission rate for COVID-19."]}Claim: Now a days, due to staying indoors, it is possible that you will develop the deficiency of vitamin D.Abstract:Importance: Vitamin D treatment has been found to decrease incidence of viral respiratory tract infection, especially in vitamin D deficiency.It is unknown whether COVID-19 incidence is associated with vitamin D deficiency and treatment.Objective: To examine whether vitamin D deficiency and treatment are associated with testing positive for COVID-19.Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: University of Chicago Medicine Participants: Patients tested for COVID-19 from 3/3/2020-4/10/2020.Vitamin D deficiency was defined by the most recent 25-hydroxycholecalciferol <20ng/ml or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol <18pg/ml within 1 year before COVID-19 testing.Treatment was defined by the most recent vitamin D type and dose, and treatment changes between the time of the most recent vitamin D level and time of COVID-19 testing.Vitamin D deficiency and treatment changes were combined to categorize vitamin D status at the time of COVID-19 testing as likely deficient(last-level-deficient/treatment-not-increased), likely sufficient(last-level-not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), or uncertain deficiency(last-level-deficient/treatment-increased or last-level-not-deficient/treatment-decreased).Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was testing positive for COVID-19.Multivariable analysis tested whether the most recent vitamin D level and treatment changes after that level were associated with testing positive for COVID-19 controlling for demographic and comorbidity indicators.Bivariate analyses of associations of treatment with vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 were performed.Results: Among 4,314 patients tested for COVID-19, 499 had a vitamin D level in the year before testing.Vitamin D status at the time of COVID-19 testing was categorized as likely deficient for 127(25%) patients, likely sufficient for 291(58%) patients, and uncertain for 81(16%) patients.In multivariate analysis, testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[≥]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.Vitamin D deficiency declined with increasing vitamin D dose, especially of vitamin D3.Vitamin D dose was not significantly associated with testing positive for COVID-19.Conclusions and Relevance: Vitamin D deficiency that is not sufficiently treated is associated with COVID-19 risk.Testing and treatment for vitamin D deficiency to address COVID-19 warrant aggressive pursuit and study.

question:You will be presented with the full text of a science research paper. Please write an abstract for this paper. Your response should include the abstract and no additional text.Paper text:the properties of the @xmath7 boson have been measured to very high precision at lep@xcite .naturally one wants to match this precision for the charged carriers of the electroweak interaction . over the next few yearsthe tevatron is the only accelerator which can produce @xmath2 bosons .measuring the properties of the @xmath2 boson to a very high precision is an important test of the standard model . from the measured @xmath2 cross section, one can infer an indirect measurement of the @xmath2 width and lepton universality . since at the tevatronthe @xmath2 bosons are produced through quark anti - quark annihilation , a significant uncertainty for all direct electroweak measurements comes from the knowledge of the parton distributions inside the proton .the probability of finding a parton carrying a momentum fraction @xmath8 within the incoming proton is expressed in the parton distribution function ( pdf ) .the measurement of the @xmath2 charge asymmetry provides important input on the ratio of the @xmath9 and @xmath10 quark components of the pdf and will help to further constrain parton distribution functions .the @xmath2 boson mass serves as a test of the standard model , but through radiative corrections is also sensitive to hypothetical new particles .together with a precise measurement of the top quark mass@xcite , the @xmath2 boson mass constrains the mass of the higgs boson , which has not yet been observed experimentally .both cdf and d are multi - purpose detectors .they consist of tracking systems surrounded by calorimeter and muon identification systems .cdf s tracking system consists of a wire drift chamber ( the central outer tracker ) and a 7-layer silicon microstrip vertex detector ( svxii ) immersed in a 1.4 t magnetic field . a lead ( iron ) scintillator sampling calorimeteris used for measuring electromagnetic ( hadronic ) showers .d employs a silicon microstrip tracker ( smt ) and a central fiber tracker ( cft ) , both located in a 2 t magnetic field .the sampling calorimeter consists of liquid argon and uranium .since the hadronic decay of the @xmath2 boson has an extremely large background originating from strongly interacting processes , cdf and d use the clean leptonic decays to study the @xmath2 boson .the signature is a high energy lepton with large missing transverse momentum originating from the neutrino , which does not interact with the detector .the momentum balance in the direction of the beam is unconstrained and as a result , the @xmath2 events are studied in the plane transverse to the beam .a typically used quantity is the transverse mass : @xmath11 which is similar to the invariant mass , just in the two transverse dimensions . if not otherwise stated , we restrict the lepton identification to the well instrumented central region of @xmath12 .@xmath7 boson events are identified by two high energy leptons .these events have very low background .@xmath2 and @xmath7 bosons are identified by their leptonic decays to electrons , muons and taus , from which the total rates @xmath14br(@xmath15 ) and @xmath14br(@xmath16 ) are obtained .the cross section times branching ratio is calculated as follows : @xmath17 the @xmath2 and @xmath7 boson cross sections have been measured by cdf@xcite with different datasets in different sub - detectors .figure [ wzx ] shows a summary of the cdf and d cross section measurements in all leptonic decay modes .all measurements show good agreement with nnlo calculations@xcite , represented by the vertical band .lepton universality in @xmath2 decays can be tested by extracting the ratio of the electroweak couplings @xmath18 and @xmath19 from the measured ratio of @xmath15 cross sections .the @xmath15 couplings are related to the measured production cross section ratio @xmath20 as follows : @xmath21 in this ratio , important systematic uncertainties cancel .the results obtained are@xcite : @xmath22 @xmath23 where the largest systematic uncertainty comes from event selection efficiencies .since these efficiencies are measured using the @xmath16 sample , the uncertainty will decrease as more @xmath7 bosons are collected .the ratio @xmath24 of the cross section measurements for @xmath2 and @xmath7 bosons can be used to extract the total width of the @xmath2 boson .@xmath24 can be expressed as : @xmath25 using the very precise measurement of @xmath26/@xmath27 from lep and nnlo calculations of @xmath28 , together with the standard model prediction of @xmath29 one can extract @xmath30 from equation [ indwidth ] . 0.1 in ._ summary of indirect @xmath2 width measurements . _ [ cols="<,^,^",options="header " , ] [ syst ] for comparison the uncertainties from the previous collider run@xcite ( run 1b ) are also included .the overall uncertainty is 76 mev .the @xmath2 boson mass fit results are currently blinded with a constant offset .the offset will be removed when further cross checks have been completed .the @xmath2 boson physics program at the tevatron is very successful .cdf and d have measured the inclusive @xmath2 and @xmath7 cross sections in all three leptonic decay channels , which show good agreement with nnlo calculations . from the cross section measurements , cdf has extracted competitive measurements on lepton universality and an indirect measurement of the @xmath2 boson width .d has measured the @xmath2 boson width directly in the electron channel with an uncertainty smaller than the run 1 value .the new cdf @xmath2 charge asymmetry will help to further constrain the uncertainties of parton distribution functions , which affect all the aforementioned measurements . with the addition of 600 pb@xmath1 of data on tape, these measurements will further constrain the standard model .cdf has determined the uncertainty on the @xmath2 boson mass with the first @xmath0200 pb@xmath1 of run 2 data to be 76 mev , which is lower than its run 1 uncertainty of 79 mev . with the additional data to come ,run 2 promises the world s highest precision measurement of the @xmath2 boson mass , with an anticipated uncertainty of 30 mev for 2 fb@xmath1 .i would like to thank my colleagues from the cdf and d electroweak groups for their hard work and input to this talk . 99 particle data group , phys .b * 592 * , 343 ( 2004 ) .george velev , these proceedings .d. acosta _ et al .lett . * 94 * , 091803 ( 2005 ) . c. anastasiou_ et al . _ ,d. * 69 * , 094008 ( 2004 ) .the d collaboration , d note 4563-conf ( 2004 ) . http://www-d0.fnal.gov/run2physics/www/results/prelim/ew/e08/e08.pdf v. m. abazov _et al . _ ,d. * 66 * , 032008 ( 2002 ) .the cdf collaboration and the d collaboration , phys .d. * 70 * , 092008 ( 2004 ) .d. acosta _ et al .d. * 71 * , 051104 ( 2005 ) .g. arnison _ et al .b. * 122 * , 103 ( 1983 ) .m. banner _et al . _ ,b. * 122 * , 476 ( 1983 ) .the lep electroweak working group , 2003 - 01 ( 2003 ) http://lepewwg.web.cern.ch/lepewwg/lepww/mw/winter03/mwgw_w03.ps.gz j. pumplin _ et al ._ , jhep * 07 * , 012 ( 2002 ) .a. d. martin _ et al ._ , hep - ph/0307262 ( 2003 ). t. affolder _ et al .d. * 64 * , 052001 ( 2001 ) .

question:You will be shown biomedical passages and your task is to the answer the provided question. Provide a concise and accurate response and do not include any additional text in the response other than the answer.Question: Which protein mediates gene loop formation in the yeast S. cerevisiae?Context: A transcription-independent role for TFIIB in gene looping.Moreover, looping is dependent upon the general transcription factor TFIIB: the E62K (glutamic acid 62 -->lysine) form of TFIIB adversely affects looping at every gene tested, including BLM10, SAC3, GAL10, SEN1, and HEM3TFIIB crosslinks to both the promoter and terminator regions of the PMA1 and BLM10 genes, and its association with the terminator, but not the promoter, is adversely affected by E62K and by depletion of the Ssu72 component of the CPF 3' end processing complex, and is independent of TBPWe present a high-resolution genome-wide map of TFIIB locations that implicates 3' NFRs in gene looping.Instead, activators physically interacted with the general transcription factor TFIIB when the genes were activated and in a looped configuration. TFIIB cross-linked to both the promoter and the terminator regions during the transcriptionally activated state of a gene.We propose that the activators facilitate gene looping through their interaction with TFIIB during transcriptional activation of genes.Gene looping, defined as the interaction of the promoter and the terminator regions of a gene during transcription, requires transcription factor IIB (TFIIB).We have earlier demonstrated association of TFIIB with the distal ends of a gene in an activator-dependent mannerFurthermore, TFIIB interaction with the CF1 complex and Pap1 is crucial for gene looping and transcriptional regulation.TFIIB also cross-links to terminator regions and is required for gene loops that juxtapose promoter-terminator elements in a transcription-dependent manner.These results define a novel, functional interaction between TFIIB and Ssl2 that affects start site selection and gene looping.Gene-loop formation is dependent on regulatory proteins localized at the 5' and 3' ends of genes, such as TFIIB.Gene-loop formation is dependent on regulatory proteins localized at the 5' and 3' ends of genes, such as TFIIB.

question:You will be shown a paragraph from a biomedical research article. Your task is to extract all drug combinations appearing in a specific sentence within in the paragraph. Each drug combination should be assigned to one of the following three categories:- POS: Indicates a positive interaction between the drugs in the combination; for instance, drugs that have an additive or synergistic effect.- NEG: Indicates a negative interaction between the drugs in the combination; for instance, combining these drugs might result in adverse side effects, or might reduce their efficacy.- COMB: Indicates that the drugs are given in combination, but the type of interaction between the drugs cannot be determined based on the provided context.Please format your answer as a json array. Each entry in the array should itself be an array formatted as [<drug_1>, <drug_2>, ..., <drug_n>, <category>] where <category> is one of the three categories listed above and <drug_1>, ..., <drug_n> are drug names copied verbatim from the input sentence. Different combinations may involve different numbers of drugs; in other words, the `n` in <drug_n> may vary.As an example, the following output describes two extracted drug combinations; one between two drugs, and one between three drugs:[["artesunate", "artemether", "COMB"], ["Nifedipine", "Labetalol", "Prazosin", "POS"]]The paragraph and specific sentence are below. You should only extract relationships expressed in the specific sentence; the paragraph is provided for context.In your output, return only the json array and no other text. If no drug combinations appear, return an empty array `[]`.paragraph: Synergistic cytotoxic effect of genistein and doxorubicin on drug-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7/Adr cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying genistein-mediated reversal of chemoresistance remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which genistein overcomes chemoresistance and its effect on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. Consistent with previous reports , genistein combined with doxorubicin had a synergistic effect on MCF-7/Adr cells , and genistein reduced the chemoresistance of these cells . genistein treatment increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin but did not influence P-gp function. The combination of genistein and doxorubicin significantly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. genistein treatment strongly inhibited HER2/neu but not MDR-1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, our results demonstrated that genistein combined with doxorubicin had a synergistic effect on MCF-7/Adr cells, and the mechanisms likely involve an increase in the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin and suppression of HER2/neu expression.sentence: Consistent with previous reports , genistein combined with doxorubicin had a synergistic effect on MCF-7/Adr cells , and genistein reduced the chemoresistance of these cells .

question:You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["Brand", "UnapprovedDrug", "Drug", "DrugGroup"].Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Brand" : ["Aspirin", ...], "DrugGroup": ["Salicyclate", ...], "Drug": ["Phenobarbital", ...], "UnapprovedDrug": ["Heroin", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.Abstract:Drug Interaction During Pregnancy: Cromolyn sodium and isoproterenol were studied following subcutaneous injections in pregnant mice. Cromolyn sodium alone in doses up to 540 mg/kg/day (approximately 340 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis) did not cause significant increases in resorptions or major malformations. Isoproterenol alone at a dose of 2.7 mg/kg/day (approximately 7 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis) increased both resorptions and malformations. The addition of 540 mg/kg/day of cromolyn sodium (approximately 340 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis) to 2.7 mg/kg/day of isoproterenol (approximately 7 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis) appears to have increased the incidence of both resorptions and malformations.

question:You will be presented with the full text of a biomedical research paper. Please write an abstract for this paper. Your response should include the abstract and no additional text.Paper text:a thorough knowledge of the external and internal anatomy of teeth is a very important factor in root canal treatment . in many cases , dentists have to deal with various morphological variations .if the dentist fails to detect the morphological variations , it would be a major cause of failure .when a preoperative radiograph shows an atypical tooth shape , further radiographic examinations should be considered in order to detect unusual anatomical differences . in maxillaryfirst molars , morphological variations , such as abnormal numbers of roots , canals , fusion and germination and the existence of c - shaped root canals have been widely known .a few cases of c - shaped root canals in maxillary molars have been reported , though c - shaped canals are most frequently found in mandibular second molars .some authors have reported that c - shaped canals result from the fusion of mesiobuccal ( mb ) and palatal ( p ) roots of maxillary molars , while others have reported that the distobuccal ( db ) and p roots of maxillary molars were fused , and even a case of fusion of the mb and db roots of maxillary molars was reported . the incidence of c - shaped canals in maxillary firstmolar has been reported to be as low as 0.091% based on radiographic examination . in case of anatomical abnormalities , periapical surgery , intentional replantation and even extractionintentional replantation has been performed for more than a thousand years and this technique consists of intentional tooth extraction , cleaning of the apical part of the tooth and reinsertion of the extracted tooth into its own socket immediately .many authors agree that this technique should be the last option ' after all the other procedures have failed or when endodontic periradicular surgery can not be performed .the purpose of this report is to present a morphological variation of c - shaped canal in a maxillary first molar in which the mb , db and p roots were fused to mimic the letter o ' .a 39-year - old male was referred by a private practitioner to the department of conservative dentistry at yonsei university dental hospital .the reason for referral was high possibility of fracture of the maxillary left first molar while trying to remove a pre - existing old post in the palatal canal ( figure 1 ) .the tooth had been treated endodontically and restored with a post and core 10 years ago .however , he had no symptoms at that point in time . on the clinical examinations , percussion and mobility tests were within normal limits and probing depth was also normal .based on clinical and radiographic findings , the diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis was established .the possibility of root perforation by the post and sinus involvement by the roots could not be ignored as the cause of the symptom . for further examination cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct , rayscan symphony ; ray co. , ltd , seoul ,cbct examination revealed a single - rooted maxillary first molar , and all the roots seemed to be fused together into one o - shaped root .the sinus wall seemed to be intact ( figure 3 ) , but the possibility of perforation by the post or root fracture could not be excluded because it was presumed that the existence of an o - shaped root was unlikely at that time and the overlapping of root images were persistent . it was concluded that the conventional root canal retreatment was not possible because of difficulty in negotiating all canals and the possibility of root fracture during removal of the post .hence , intentional replantation was planned . on the day of surgery , patient received a preoperative regimen of antibiotics and anti - inflammatory drugs . with delicate luxation using a root elevator , the tooth was extracted without fracture .the inflamed granulation tissue in the center of the fused roots was removed meticulously , and one root with an o - shape was observed . on a side view , the root was rectangular in shape , and on an apical view all roots were fully connected and no perforation by the post was observed ( figure 4 ) . when the tooth was examined with a surgical operating microscope ( carl zeiss opmi pico ; carl zeiss , oberkochen , germany ) , more than five or six small foramina were observed .it was decided to resect the apical end of the root for removing the unnoticed small foramina .the apical 3 mm of the root were trimmed . on the prepared apical o - shaped root surfacethere were 56 root canals with connecting fins , and hence , a 360 circular root end cavity was made with an ultrasonic tip and it was checked by methylene blue ( figure 5 ) . during intentional replantation , the tooth was kept under wet gauze for maintaining the pdl cells of the root surface vital .the root canal was re - cleaned and filled with retrograde root filling material ( resin - modified glass ionomer ; fuji ii ; gc , tokyo , japan ) to cover the long root end cavity .and the tooth was re - implanted into its own socket . at the 9 months recall visit ,the tooth was asymptomatic and a progressive healing of the lesion was evident ( figure 6 ) .we herein present the case of a patient with unusual root morphology of the maxillary first molar which has not been reported up to now .we named this morphological variation as an o - shaped root following the concept of c - shaped roots . at first, we suspected that this tooth had a c - shaped root because a blunt apex and an unclear root shape were seen on the periapical radiographs .the axial and cross - sectional view of the maxillary arch showed the symmetric morphology of the maxillary first molars with an o - shaped root , but we could not exclude the possibility of intimate proximity of roots or simple fusion between the c - shaped root and the other root . at first , periapical microsurgery was considered for establishing the diagnosis and management of the unusual root morphology .however , the tooth also had difficulties with surgical approaches and the possibility of maxillary sinus perforation during microsurgery .as a result , intentional replantation was planned carefully because the possibility of tooth fracture could not be excluded .the extraction and replantation procedure was also expected to be difficult because of the rectangular shape of the root .extraction of the tooth from its socket was done successfully without causing root fracture or alveolar bone fracture , while trying to preserve the periodontal ligament and not exerting too much pressure on the tooth and socket walls .after removal of the granulation tissue that covered the root from the apical concave area up to the normal furcation area , an o - shaped root was observed .no visible perforation by the post was detected on the root surface , and also no sinus involvement was detected .because of this inner granulation tissue , the possibility of perforation by the post could not be excluded . in this case , the extraoral time needed was almost 17 min for meticulous extraction and management of the unusual root morphology .reported that the initial ankylosis did not show when experimental group tooth was treated with the extraoral ( complete dry ) time of 15 min ., mineral trioxide aggregate has been accepted as the material of choice for root - end filling in endodontic surgery , but mineral trioxide aggregate is a technique sensitive material of root end filling for handling in comparison with other materials . in this case ,resin - modified glass ionomer was selected as a retrograde filling material because it had marginal sealing ability in narrow root end cavity , though it was less tissue - tolerant .unusual root anatomy of the maxillary molars that has been reported previously includes the fusion of buccal roots , the fusion of mb and p roots , and the fusion of db and p roots , but to the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of all roots being fused together forming an o - shape with a normal furcation . in this case ,cbct was useful for diagnosing the unusual root morphology because of its ability to display the serial sections of the tooth .meticulous examination and recognition of an o - shaped root morphology using periapical radiographs and cbct could be helpful to diagnose the rare o - shaped root ' .the value of this case report was to present maxillary first molar with a very unusual o - shaped root canal system , as such case is seldom mentioned in textbooks . during endodontic therapy , even though the incidence of an o - shaped root is very rare , the recognition with periapical radiographs and cbct should not be underestimated .