question:You have to answer a biomedical question in binary format, i.e. only yes and no are the only acceptable answer formats. A list of paragraphs is provided as context to help you answer the question.Question: Is it possible to analyze exosomes with FACS?Context: whose presence was validated by a bead-exosome FACS assay.We analyzed exosomes from mouse (C57Bl/6) and breast, lung, and ovarian cancer patient samples and cultured cancer cells with different approaches, including nanoparticle tracking analysis, biolayer interferometry, FACS, and electron microscopy.we applied a technique to generate native fluorescent exosomes characterized by vesicles integrity, size, density, markers expression, and quantifiable by direct FACS analysiswe used a novel strategy for generating metabolically-labeled fluorescent exosomes that can be counted by flow cytometry assay (FACS) and characterized.

question:You will be shown a paragraph from a biomedical research article. Your task is to extract all drug combinations appearing in a specific sentence within in the paragraph. Each drug combination should be assigned to one of the following three categories:- POS: Indicates a positive interaction between the drugs in the combination; for instance, drugs that have an additive or synergistic effect.- NEG: Indicates a negative interaction between the drugs in the combination; for instance, combining these drugs might result in adverse side effects, or might reduce their efficacy.- COMB: Indicates that the drugs are given in combination, but the type of interaction between the drugs cannot be determined based on the provided context.Please format your answer as a json array. Each entry in the array should itself be an array formatted as [<drug_1>, <drug_2>, ..., <drug_n>, <category>] where <category> is one of the three categories listed above and <drug_1>, ..., <drug_n> are drug names copied verbatim from the input sentence. Different combinations may involve different numbers of drugs; in other words, the `n` in <drug_n> may vary.As an example, the following output describes two extracted drug combinations; one between two drugs, and one between three drugs:[["artesunate", "artemether", "COMB"], ["Nifedipine", "Labetalol", "Prazosin", "POS"]]The paragraph and specific sentence are below. You should only extract relationships expressed in the specific sentence; the paragraph is provided for context.In your output, return only the json array and no other text. If no drug combinations appear, return an empty array `[]`.paragraph: Regional anesthesia and lipid resuscitation for local anesthetic systemic toxicity in China: results of a survey by the orthopedic anesthesia group of the Chinese Society Of Anesthesiology. Intravenous lipid emulsions have been introduced for the management of patients with Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST). These emulsions have been stated as a first-line treatment in the guidelines of several international anesthesia organizations. Nevertheless, the adoption of lipid rescue therapy by Chinese practitioners remains unknown. We, therefore, evaluated the current approaches to treat LAST and the use of lipid rescue therapy among anesthesiologists in China. methods In September 2013, a 23-question survey on regional anesthesia practice and availability of lipid emulsions was sent by e-mail to directors or designated individuals at 41 academic anesthesiology departments listed by the orthopedic anesthesia group of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology. results Responses were received from 36 of the 41 (88 %) anesthesiology departments. To simplify the analysis, responses were divided into two groups according to the annual percentage of patients who received regional anesthesia (RA) for orthopedic anesthesia: 14 departments (39%) with high-utilization (≥ 50%) and 22 departments (61%) low-utilization (<50%) of RA. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine were the common drugs used for RA , which were independent of RA utilization . Interestingly, ultrasound-guided techniques were much more frequently used in low-utilization institutions than in high-utilization institutions (P = 0.025). Lipid emulsion was readily available in 8 of the 36 (22%) responding institutions, with 7 of the other 28 (25%) institutions planning to stock lipid emulsion. No differences in lipid availability and storage plans were observed between high- and low-utilization institutions. Lipid resuscitation was performed in five of the eight departments that had lipid emulsion. Eleven patients were successfully resuscitated and one was not. conclusion Lipid emulsion is not widely available in China to treat LAST resulted from RA for orthopedic patients. Efforts are required to promote lipid rescue therapy nationwide. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (Registration number # ChiCTR-EOR-15006960; Date of Retrospective Registration on August 23rd, 2015) http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11703 .sentence: Ropivacaine and bupivacaine were the common drugs used for RA , which were independent of RA utilization .

question:You will be shown a paragraph from a biomedical research article. Your task is to extract all drug combinations appearing in a specific sentence within in the paragraph. Each drug combination should be assigned to one of the following three categories:- POS: Indicates a positive interaction between the drugs in the combination; for instance, drugs that have an additive or synergistic effect.- NEG: Indicates a negative interaction between the drugs in the combination; for instance, combining these drugs might result in adverse side effects, or might reduce their efficacy.- COMB: Indicates that the drugs are given in combination, but the type of interaction between the drugs cannot be determined based on the provided context.Please format your answer as a json array. Each entry in the array should itself be an array formatted as [<drug_1>, <drug_2>, ..., <drug_n>, <category>] where <category> is one of the three categories listed above and <drug_1>, ..., <drug_n> are drug names copied verbatim from the input sentence. Different combinations may involve different numbers of drugs; in other words, the `n` in <drug_n> may vary.As an example, the following output describes two extracted drug combinations; one between two drugs, and one between three drugs:[["artesunate", "artemether", "COMB"], ["Nifedipine", "Labetalol", "Prazosin", "POS"]]The paragraph and specific sentence are below. You should only extract relationships expressed in the specific sentence; the paragraph is provided for context.In your output, return only the json array and no other text. If no drug combinations appear, return an empty array `[]`.paragraph: Venetoclax Plus Rituximab in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 4-Year Results and Evaluation of Impact of Genomic Complexity and Gene Mutations From the MURANO Phase III Study. In previous analyses of the MURANO study , fixed-duration venetoclax plus rituximab ( VenR ) resulted in improved progression-free survival ( PFS ) compared with bendamustine plus rituximab ( BR ) in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) . At the 4-year follow-up, we report long-term outcomes, response to subsequent therapies, and the predictive value of molecular and genetic characteristics. Patients And Methods Patients with CLL were randomly assigned to 2 years of venetoclax (VenR for the first six cycles) or six cycles of BR. PFS, overall survival (OS), peripheral-blood minimal residual disease (MRD) status, genomic complexity (GC), and gene mutations were assessed. results Of 389 patients, 194 were assigned to VenR and 195 to BR. Four-year PFS and OS rates were higher with VenR than BR, at 57.3% and 4.6% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.19; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.25), and 85.3% and 66.8% (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.65), respectively. Undetectable MRD (uMRD) at end of combination therapy (EOCT) was associated with superior PFS compared with low MRD positivity (HR, 0.50) and high MRD positivity (HR, 0.15). Patients in the VenR arm who received ibrutinib as their first therapy after progression (n = 12) had a reported response rate of 100% (10 of 10 evaluable patients); patients subsequently treated with a venetoclax-based regimen (n = 14) had a reported response rate of 55% (six of 11 evaluable patients). With VenR, the uMRD rate at end of treatment (EOT) was lower in patients with GC than in those without GC ( conclusion Efficacy benefits with fixed-duration VenR are sustained and particularly durable in patients who achieve uMRD. Salvage therapy with ibrutinib after VenR achieved high response rates. Genetic mutations and GC affected MRD rates and PFS.sentence: In previous analyses of the MURANO study , fixed-duration venetoclax plus rituximab ( VenR ) resulted in improved progression-free survival ( PFS ) compared with bendamustine plus rituximab ( BR ) in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) .

question:You will be shown a claim related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the abstract of a biomedical research paper. Each sentence from the abstract will be on a separate line. Your task is to return a JSON object with two fields:- "verdict": The fact-checking verdict. If the information in the abstract supports the claim, write "SUPPORT". If the abstract contradicts the claim, write "CONTRADICT".- "evidence": An array of sentences providing evidence for the verdict. Please copy all relevant sentences verbatim from the abstract.For instance, if the model were given the claim "the COVID vaccine is safe for healthy adults", the output might be{ "verdict": "SUPPORT", "evidence": ["Our findings indicate that the risks of severe COVID vaccine side effects are low for healthy adults."]}Claim: Identification of unique mutations in sars-cov-2 strains isolated from china suggests its attenuated pathotypeAbstract:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first reported in Wuhan, China in November 2019 has developed into a pandemic since March 2020, causing substantial human casualties and economic losses.Studies on SARS-CoV-2 are being carried out at an unprecedented rate to tackle this threat.Genomics studies, in particular, are indispensable to elucidate the dynamic nature of the RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2.RNA viruses are marked by their unique ability to undergo high rates of mutation in their genome, much more frequently than their hosts, which diversifies their strengths qualifying them to elude host immune response and amplify drug resistance.In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the genomic information of the SARS-CoV-2 isolates from two infected Indian patients and explored the possible implications of point mutations in its biology.In addition to multiple point mutations, we found a remarkable similarity between relatively common mutations of 36-nucleotide deletion in ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2.Our results corroborate with the earlier reported 29-nucleotide deletion in SARS, which was frequent during the early stage of human-to-human transmission.The results will be useful to understand the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and itsattenuation for vaccine development.

question:Given an abstract from a research paper, your task is to identify and label relationships between chemical compounds and genes mentioned in the abstract.The relationship type must be one of ['DOWNREGULATOR', 'SUBSTRATE', 'INDIRECT-REGULATOR', 'PART-OF', 'MODULATOR-ACTIVATOR', 'REGULATOR', 'INHIBITOR', 'COFACTOR', 'UPREGULATOR', 'ACTIVATOR', 'ANTAGONIST', 'NOT', 'INDIRECT-DOWNREGULATOR', 'SUBSTRATE_PRODUCT-OF', 'INDIRECT-UPREGULATOR', 'AGONIST', 'PRODUCT-OF', 'MODULATOR', 'DIRECT-REGULATOR', 'UNDEFINED', 'AGONIST-INHIBITOR', 'AGONIST-ACTIVATOR', 'MODULATOR-INHIBITOR'].Please format your output as a JSON array. Each entry in the array should express a single relation, formatted as ["<Entity_A>", "<RELATION_A_B>", "<Entity_B>"]. If no relations can be found, please output an empty JSON array [].Abstract:Anti-asthmatic Effects of Baicalin in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-asthmatic effects of baicalin (BA) and the possible mechanisms. Asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneal injection. A total of 60 mice were randomly assigned to six experimental groups: control, model, dexamethasone (2   mg/kg), and BA (10   mg/kg, 20   mg/kg, 40   mg/kg). Airway resistance (RI) and lung compliance (Cdyn) were measured, histological studies were evaluated by the hematoxylin and eosin staining, Th1/Th2, OVA-specific serum, and BALF IgE levels and Th17 cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Th17 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). Our study demonstrated that BA inhibited OVA-induced increases in RI and eosinophil count; interleukin (IL) -4, IL-17A levels, and Cdyn were recovered and increased IFN-γ level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological studies demonstrated that BA substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissue and airway tissue. FCM studies demonstrated that BA substantially inhibited Th17 cells. These findings suggest that BA may effectively ameliorate the progression of asthma and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic asthma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

question:You will be presented with a citation segment from the section of a research paper. Classify the intent behind this citation by choosing from one of the following categories:- Method: Cites the paper for its methodology or procedure.- Background: Cites the paper to provide background information.- Result: Cites the paper for its findings or results.Your answer should be a single word from the following list of options: ["Method", "Background", "Result"]. Do not include any other text in your response.Citation sentence:Indeed, current knowledge on insertions and fiber orientation of the supinator can be found in old works [8, 10, 18, 29, 33].