answer:Here's the Python function to determine if a given string is a palindrome, ignoring spaces, punctuation, and capitalization:```pythonimport stringdef is_palindrome(s): # Remove spaces, punctuation, and convert to lowercase cleaned_str = ''.join(char for char in s.lower() if char.isalnum()) # Check if the cleaned string is equal to its reverse return cleaned_str == cleaned_str[::-1]```Explanation:1. We import the `string` module to access the built-in string constants.2. The `is_palindrome` function takes a string `s` as input.3. Inside the function, we first create a new string `cleaned_str` by removing all non-alphanumeric characters (spaces and punctuation) from the input string `s` using a list comprehension and the `isalnum()` method. We also convert the string to lowercase using the `lower()` method.4. Next, we check if the `cleaned_str` is equal to its reverse version using the slice notation `[::-1]`. This checks if the cleaned string reads the same forward and backward.5. The function returns `True` if the cleaned string is equal to its reverse, indicating that the input string is a palindrome (ignoring spaces, punctuation, and capitalization). Otherwise, it returns `False`.Here are some examples:```pythonprint(is_palindrome("A man, a plan, a canal: Panama")) # Output: Trueprint(is_palindrome("Hello, World!")) # Output: Falseprint(is_palindrome("Race car")) # Output: Trueprint(is_palindrome("This is not a palindrome")) # Output: False```Note: This function assumes that the input string is a valid string. If you need to handle empty strings or other edge cases, you may need to add additional checks or error handling.

answer:Here's the Python function to solve the given problem:```pythondef can_split_equal_sum(nums): total_sum = sum(nums) # If the total sum is odd, it's not possible to split into two equal subsets if total_sum % 2 != 0: return False target_sum = total_sum // 2 dp = [False] * (target_sum + 1) dp[0] = True for num in nums: for j in range(target_sum, num - 1, -1): dp[j] = dp[j] or dp[j - num] return dp[target_sum]```This function uses dynamic programming to solve the problem. Here's how it works:1. First, we calculate the total sum of the list `nums`.2. If the total sum is odd, it's not possible to split the list into two subsets with equal sum, so we return `False`.3. If the total sum is even, we set `target_sum` to half of the total sum.4. We create a boolean list `dp` of size `target_sum + 1`, initialized with `False`. `dp[i]` will represent whether it's possible to form a subset with sum `i` using the given numbers.5. We initialize `dp[0]` to `True` because an empty subset has a sum of 0.6. We iterate through each number `num` in the list `nums`.7. For each `num`, we iterate backward from `target_sum` to `num` (inclusive).8. For each value `j` in this range, we update `dp[j]` to `True` if it's possible to form a subset with sum `j` by either including `num` (i.e., `dp[j - num]` is `True`) or excluding `num` (i.e., `dp[j]` is already `True`).9. After iterating through all the numbers, `dp[target_sum]` will be `True` if it's possible to split the list into two subsets with equal sum, and `False` otherwise.10. Finally, we return `dp[target_sum]`.The time complexity of this solution is O(n * target_sum), where n is the length of the input list `nums`, and the space complexity is O(target_sum).

answer:def analyze_noise_levels(readings, threshold): count = 0 for reading in readings: if reading > threshold: count += 1 return count

answer:Here's the Python function to calculate the optimal packaging area needed to maintain the freshness of a set of ingredients:```pythondef optimal_packaging_area(ingredients): total_area = 0 for num_units, area_per_unit in ingredients: total_area += num_units * area_per_unit return total_area```This function takes a list of tuples `ingredients` as input, where each tuple contains two integers: the first integer is the number of units of the ingredient, and the second integer is the surface area required per unit of that ingredient.The function initializes a variable `total_area` to 0. It then iterates over each tuple in the `ingredients` list using a `for` loop. For each tuple, it unpacks the two integers into variables `num_units` and `area_per_unit`. It then calculates the area required for that ingredient by multiplying `num_units` and `area_per_unit`, and adds it to the `total_area`.After iterating over all the tuples, the function returns the `total_area`, which represents the total packaging area required for all the ingredients.If the input list `ingredients` is empty, the function will simply return 0 as the `total_area`.

answer:Here's the Python function to calculate the average number of goals scored by a football team during a tournament:```pythondef average_goals(goals_list): if not goals_list: return 0.0 total_goals = sum(goals_list) num_matches = len(goals_list) average_goals_per_match = total_goals / num_matches return average_goals_per_match```

answer:def has_duplicate_toys(toy_names): toy_set = set() for toy in toy_names: if toy in toy_set: return True toy_set.add(toy) return False