question:You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["Protein", "Chemical"].Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Chemical" : ["Dexamethasone", ...], "Protein" : ["BRCA-1", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.Abstract:Vegfrecine, an Inhibitor of VEGF Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Isolated from the Culture Broth of Streptomyces sp.A new inhibitor of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases, vegfrecine (1), was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. MK931-CF8. The molecular structure of 1 was determined by NMR and MS analysis combined with synthesis. Compound 1 showed potent inhibitory activity against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases in in vitro enzyme assays, but platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) responded only weakly. Compound 1 is a promising new selective VEGFR inhibitor for investigating new treatments of cancer and inflammatory diseases.

question:You will be presented with the full text of a biomedical research paper. Please write an abstract for this paper. Your response should include the abstract and no additional text.Paper text:the prevalence of childhood obesity has been rising during the past decades in many parts of the world . in portugalthis picture is particularly alarming owing to the increasing risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in overweight and obese individuals [ 4 , 5 ] . over the long term, childhood / adolescence overweight is strongly associated with adult obesity [ 6 , 7 ] .therefore , it is of clinical and public health importance to examine the risk trends in order to develop effective preventive strategies targeting those at risk start as early as possible . human obesity is a multifactorial disorder where both genes and lifestyle factors , including diet and physical activity are important contributors .both maternal and paternal body mass index ( bmi ) has also a strong influence on offspring 's risk of obesity [ 10 , 11 ] .other determinants of childhood obesity include birth weight and weight gain that occur during the first years of life [ 1214 ] . it has been suggested that obesity during the pre - school years is associated with other clinical factors easily assessed at birth .for instance , it was found an association between birth weight and the risk of being obese in children at the age of 4 , 8 , 10 , and 12 years . besides the previously mentioned factors , there exist other potentially modifiable factors that increase the risk of overweight in childhood and adolescence . these include : ( i ) intrauterine life : excessive gestational weight gain [ 17 , 18 ] , and maternal smoking during pregnancy [ 13 , 19 , 20 ] ; ( ii ) infancy and pre - school period : reduced breastfeeding duration , excessive weight gain in the first 2 years of life [ 12 , 22 ] , excessive television [ 2325 ] , short sleep duration [ 12 , 26 , 27 ] , and low levels of physical activity ( pa ) [ 2830 ] . studies examining the associations between pa and body fat in young children are scarce [ 12 , 28 , 30 ] , and to the best of our knowledge , few studies have estimated the associations between objectively measured pa and bmi in preschoolers [ 28 , 30 ] . furthermore , there is no information available in portuguese population .the purpose of this study was to analyze the association between objectively measured pa and bmi in portuguese preschoolers .this is a cross - sectional study carried out in portuguese ( metropolitan area of porto ) kindergartens enrolled in the preschool physical activity , body composition and lifestyle study ( prestyle ) .a total of 281 healthy pre - school children ( 55.9% boys ) aged 46 years with complete information on the variables of interest were included in the study .study procedures were approved by the portuguese foundation for science and technology and by the scientific board of physical activity and health phd program . body weight and heightbody weight was measured to the nearest 0.10 kg , with participants lightly dressed ( underwear and tee - shirt ) using a portable digital beam scale ( tanita inner scan bc 532 ) .body height was measured to the nearest millimetre in bare or stocking feet with children standing upright against a holtain portable stadiometer ( tanita ) .bmi was calculated as body mass ( kg ) divided by height ( m ) squared .children were classified as either non - overweight ( now ) or overweight ( ow ) according to the sex - adjusted bmi z - score ( < 1 sd and 1 sd , respectively ) .this accelerometer produces raw output in activity counts per minute ( cpm ) , which gives information about the total amount of pa .the accelerometer output can also be interpreted using specific cut points , which describes different pa intensities pa .data reduction , cleaning , and analyses of accelerometer data were performed as described elsewhere [ 32 , 33 ] .data were analysed using specific paediatric cut points , which have been validated for young children : 1100 and 1680 cpm for low pa , > 1680 cpm for moderate pa , and > 3360 cpm for vigorous pa ( vpa ) . in this study ,the epoch duration was set to 5 seconds , which seems to be more accurate and suitable concerning the spontaneous and intermittent activities of the young children . a minimum of 10 hours per day was considered as valid data for the analysis .parents were instructed to place the accelerometer on the child right after waking up and remove it before going to sleep .the accelerometer was adjusted at the child 's right hip by an elastic waist belt under clothing ( own cloth and school coat ) .a data sheet was given to the children 's teachers , who were instructed to record the time when the child arrived and left the school .children belonging to the first , second , and third tertiles were defined as low , middle and high pa levels , respectively .mothers reported information regarding gestational weight gain , maternal smoking during pregnancy , birth weight as well as body weight and height during their offspring 's first and second year of life .gestational weight gain was categorized according to institute of medicine as below , optimal , and above gestational weight gain , while maternal smoking during pregnancy was categorized as yes or no .mothers also reported the amount of screen time ( watching television and/or playing videogames ) the child spends daily as well as the sleeping time for both week days and weekends .screen time questions were analyzed as continuous variables ( converted to minutes ) and also evaluated as a dichotomous variable based on young children recommendation .then , children were classified as those who accomplished guidelines ( watching < 2 hours / day ) and those who did not ( watching 2 hours / day ) . mothers reported their body weight and height , and we calculated bmi .mothers were categorized as normal weight ( 18.5 kg / m bmi < 25 kg / m ) ; overweight ( 25 kg / m bmi < 30 kg / m ) , and obese ( bmi 30 kg / m ) . socioeconomic status ( ses )the ses was defined based upon portuguese educational system a 9 years ' education or less subsecondary level ( scored as 1 ) , 1012 years ' education , secondary level ( scored as 2 ) and higher education ( scored as 3 ) . levels 1 , 2 , and 3 were considered as low , middle , and high ses . means and standard deviations were calculated to describe children 's characteristics by weight status ( i.e. , now and ow ) . comparisons between weight status and pa patterns were conducted with t - test for continuous variables and chi - square test for categorical variables .following bivariates correlation analysis we conducted logistic regression to examine the association between weight status and all other variables ( physical activity patterns , gestational weight gain , smoking during pregnancy , bmi first year of life , bmi second year of life , daily screen time , daily sleep time ) . a stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between pa and weight status , adjusted for all variables independently associated with weight status .overweight ( ow ) children were heavier , taller , and had higher bmi than their now counterparts ( p .05 ) .we observed no statistical significant differences between weight status categories in minutes of total , mpa and vpa .however , the data showed that a proportion of ow children ( 43.9% ) were classified low vpa compared to now children ( 32.1% ) ( p > .05 ) .logistic regression analysis showed that children with low vigorous pa had higher odds ratio ( or ) to be classified as ow compared to those with high vigorous pa ( or = 4.4 ; 95% ci : 1.413.4 ; p= .008 ) after adjusting for bmi at first and second years of life and other potential confounders ( table 2 ) .this study examined the association of different pa intensity levels with weight status of portuguese preschoolers after adjusting for several potential confounding factors .this is an important and relevant topic since , to the best of our knowledge , little is known about how pa intensity is associated with obesity in pre - school children .our data showed that differences in levels of vpa were associated with weight status in children as young as 4 to 6 years .this is worthy to notice because our data suggest that the vpa influenced the change in bmi from those earlier ages . despite that, no statistical significant differences were found for levels of total and moderate pa . our findings concur with other studies showing that low levels of vpa were associated with body fatness during the adiposity rebound period .further , they also agree with studies in children and adolescents showing that only vpa ( but not lower intensity levels ) was associated with body fat .additionally , it was shown that within intervention groups , those who participated regularly and maintained the highest heart rates during pa sessions showed the greatest decreases in body fat and the greatest increases in bone density [ 43 , 44 ] . on the other hand , adolescents who engaged in relatively large amounts of free - living vigorous pa were likely to be relatively fit and lean . .these findings are worth commenting in terms of both pa interventions and public health policies .the large standard deviations found in our study suggest a wide individual variations and highlight the importance of the participants ' intraindividual variability in pa behaviour .therefore , variation in pa levels may be particularly important in preschool children with regard to weight status .while there is a need to better understand the factors that influence pa in preschoolers and to learn how to help them to become more active , our study shows that pa promotion and interventions should focus on the more intense pa activities .children have a natural tendency towards movement , there is information suggesting a decline of discretionary time on children 's daily life and , thus , the time allocated to spontaneous pa , which , in turn , tend to be highly active it is reduced and several sedentary behaviors such as tv viewing , video games , and other activities involving many hours standing took the lead on children 's daily behaviour [ 12 , 24 ] .therefore , promotion of organized pa programmes such as physical education at schools and organized sports activities that usually request more intense activities must be taken into account when pa promotion strategies are being developedfirst , the study included pre - school children from one metropolitan area , which made it difficult to generalize these findings .secondly , it is not possible to inferr causal relationships between pre - school pa level and overweight status with such a cross - sectional study design .nevertheless , this study focuses on the assessment of pa levels in a pre - school sample using an objective measure , which enhances the confidence of our findings owing to the fact that accelerometers provide more valid pa assessment in children .our data suggests that vpa may play a key role in the obesity development already at pre - school age .

question:You have to answer a biomedical question in binary format, i.e. only yes and no are the only acceptable answer formats. A list of paragraphs is provided as context to help you answer the question.Question: Is myasthenia gravis associated with osteoporosis?Context: We performed PVP in 4 patients with generalized MG associated with recent steroid-induced symptomatic VFs.In this case report, we used tacrolimus to successfully treat a 13-year-old boy with ocular MG who had suffered from severe steroid complications, including a failure of thrive and osteoporosis.INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease which has been associated with an increased falls risk and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, recognized determinants of increased fracture risk.RESULTS: Compared to the control cohort, there was no statistically significant increased risk observed in patients with MG for any fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.11; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.84-1.47) or osteoporotic fractures (AHR 0.98 [95 % CI 0.67-1.41]). Further, use of oral glucocorticoids up to a cumulative dose exceeding 5 g prednisolone equivalents did not increase risk of osteoporotic fracture (AHR 0.99 [95 % CI, 0.31-3.14]) compared with MG patients without glucocorticoid exposure.The RANKL/OPG ratio and indices of bone metabolisms are also not affected by THX, although THX increases the levels of IL-7 and RANKL.Both disorders had been controlled for around 15 years by oral prednisolone and a cholinesterase inhibitor following surgical removal of invasive thymoma and radiotherapy, but muscular weakness due to myalgia and an increase in serum levels of myogenic enzymes, mainly ascribable to the recurrence of PM, reappeared immediately after cessation of these drugs, which was done because the patient had multiple bone fractures and severe osteoporosis due to the long-term corticosteroid therapy.We measured bone density in 36 patients (26 females and 10 males) who had undergone long-term prednisolone administration, and found a decrease in bone density in 31% of female patients and osteoporosis in only 11.5% (three cases).In conclusion, prednisolone-treated patients with myasthenia gravis have an acceptable risk of bone loss if prophylactic medication is administered.INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease which has been associated with an increased falls risk and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, recognized determinants of increased fracture risk.Alendronate should be used with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis who have corticosteroid-induced osteoporosisIn this paper we present two cases of young women who developed severe PAO with vertebral fractures: a 42-year-old woman with a family history of osteoporosis, and a 21-year-old woman affected with myasthenia gravisMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease which has been associated with an increased falls risk and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, recognized determinants of increased fracture risk

question:You will be presented a sentence from biomedical research text. Extract all terms that correspond to chemical entities of biological interest (ChEBI).Return your identified terms in a JSON array, formatted like this: ["Entity1", "Entity2", ...].If no such entities are detected, respond by providing an empty JSON array [].Biomedical context:ThestrategyforgeneratingaBmp2conditionalnullintheBMP7-/-backgroundissimilartothestrategyusedforgeneratingtheBmp2,Bmp4doubleconditionalallelewiththreeimportantdifferences.

question:You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["AnatomicalEntity"].Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"AnatomicalEntity": ["tumor cells", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.Abstract:Acoustic trauma evokes hyperactivity and changes in gene expression in guinea-pig auditory brainstem.Hearing loss from acoustic trauma is a risk factor for tinnitus. Animal models using acoustic trauma have demonstrated hyperactivity in central auditory pathways, which has been suggested as a substrate for tinnitus. We used a guinea-pig model of unilateral acoustic trauma. Within the same animals, measurements of peripheral hearing loss, spontaneous activity of single neurons in the inferior colliculus and gene expression in cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus were combined, acutely and after recovery from acoustic trauma. Genes investigated related to inhibitory (GABA-A receptor subunit alpha 1; glycine receptor subunit alpha 1) and excitatory neurotransmission (glutamate decarboxylase 1; glutamate receptor AMPA subunit alpha 2; glutamate receptor NMDA subunit 1), regulation of transmitter release (member of RAB family of small GTPase; RAB3 GTPase activating protein subunit 1) and neuronal excitability (potassium channel subfamily K member 15). Acoustic trauma resulted in unilateral hearing loss and hyperactivity bilaterally in inferior colliculus. Changes in expression of different mRNAs were observed in ipsilateral cochlear nucleus and in ipsi- and contralateral inferior colliculus, immediately after acoustic trauma, and after 2 and 4 weeks' recovery. Gene expression was generally reduced immediately after trauma, followed by a return to near normal levels or over-expression as recovery time increased. Different mechanisms appear to underlie the spontaneous hyperactivity observed. There is evidence of down-regulation of genes associated with neuronal inhibition in the contralateral inferior colliculus, whereas in ipsilateral cochlear nucleus, competing actions of inhibitory and excitatory systems seem to play a major role in determining overall excitability.

question:You are provided with a research question, keyphrases about the question, a description of candidate datasets and dataset options. Read the description of popular datasets provided below and select the ones that can be used to validate the following research question. Use your knowledge of machine learning datasets to make the best judgement.Your response should be formatted as a `json` array. For instance, for the query "Semi supervised image classification", a sample response might be: ["CIFAR-10", "CIFAR-100"]. Do not include any extra text in the response other than the answer array.Query: We formulate the task of open-ended visual question answering in a probabilisticKeyphrases: open-ended visual question answering images text paragraph-levelDataset description:PathVQA: PathVQA consists of 32,799 open-ended questions from 4,998 pathology images where each question is manually checked to ensure correctness.ForecastQA: ForecastQA is a question-answering dataset consisting of 10,392 event forecasting questions, which have been collected and verified via crowdsourcing efforts. The forecasting problem for this dataset is formulated as a restricted-domain, multiple-choice, question-answering (QA) task that simulates the forecasting scenario.Social-IQ: Social-IQ is an unconstrained benchmark specifically designed to train and evaluate socially intelligent technologies. By providing a rich source of open-ended questions and answers, Social-IQ opens the door to explainable social intelligence.Visual7W: Visual7W is a large-scale visual question answering (QA) dataset, with object-level groundings and multimodal answers. Each question starts with one of the seven Ws, what, where, when, who, why, how and which.COCO: The MS COCO (Microsoft Common Objects in Context) dataset is a large-scale object detection, segmentation, key-point detection, and captioning dataset. The dataset consists of 328K images.iVQA: An open-ended VideoQA benchmark that aims to: i) provide a well-defined evaluation by including five correct answer annotations per question and ii) avoid questions which can be answered without the video. iVQA contains 10,000 video clips with one question and five corresponding answers per clip.Options:- A: PathVQA B: ForecastQA C: Social-IQ D: Visual7W E: COCO F: iVQA