answer:Creating an Assembly Language program involves writing low-level software which runs very close to the hardware. It's crucial to know which kind of assembly language your machine runs and which assembler you have available. Here, we will create a simple program using NASM (Netwide Assembler) for an x86 machine (such as most common desktop systems).Here's a basic Assembly Language program that would output "Hello Universe!" to the console:```assemblysection .datamsg db 'Hello, Universe!',0 ; null terminated stringsection .textglobal _start_start: mov edx,18 ; string length mov ecx,msg ; pointer to string mov ebx,1 ; file descriptor (stdout) mov eax,4 ; system call number (sys_write) int 0x80 ; call kernel mov eax,1 ; system call number (sys_exit) int 0x80 ; call kernel```This program operates by calling the system write function (number 4) with the system call interrupt (0x80), then using the system exit function (number 1) to terminate.It is assumed that no runtime errors or logical errors will be encountered, as the system call and interrupt are standard for Linux, and the string length is correct.You can assemble, link and run it with the following commands:```bashnasm -f elf32 -o hello.o hello.asmld -m elf_i386 -o hello hello.o./hello```Please note, to run these commands you need to install 'nasm' and 'ld' (from binutils package) tools in your environment, and have appropriate permissions to execute. If you are on a non-x86 architecture, an x86 emulator like DOSBox or qemu can be used, or you would need to adapt the instructions to your architecture.

answer:To implement this, it might be best to convert any passed in params hash or Rails path helper to a string URL, normalize them, then check if they're equal. Here's a general implementation in ruby:First, create a helper function that will convert hash or Rails path helper to a full URL.```rubydef to_full_url(url) if url.is_a?(Hash) root_url.slice(0, root_url.length - 1) + url_for(url) else url endend```Then let's create the `same_url?` method. This method will use the `to_full_url` helper function to convert the parameters to full URLs, then normalize and compare them.```rubydef same_url?(*args, excluding: nil) options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {} urls = args.map do |url| full_url = to_full_url(url) uri = URI.parse(full_url) # Remove any parameters to be excluded from the comparison if excluding && uri.query parameters = CGI.parse(uri.query).symbolize_keys parameters.except!(excluding) if parameters[excluding] uri.query = parameters.to_query end uri.to_s end urls.uniq.length == 1end```This implementation will handle an arbitrary number of URLs and will exclude certain parameters from the comparison. Note that this method will return true if all URLs are the same after normalization and excluding the specified parameters. For example:```rubysame_url?(projects_path(page: 2), "http://www.example.com/projects?page=3", excluding: :page) # => truesame_url?(projects_path(page: 2), "http://www.example.com/projects?page=3") # => false```Also note that comparing URL strings might not be the best way to determine if 2 URLs represent the same resource, especially if they contain query parameters in a different order. It might be more robust to convert each URL to a standard format then compare these standard forms.

answer:Virtual functions in C++ are a part of the object-oriented programming paradigm and play a critical role in achieving polymorphism at runtime. Polymorphism is a principle that allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common type. A function becomes virtual when it is declared with the keyword "virtual" in the base class. It instructs the compiler to perform a late binding on the function. Late binding, also known as dynamic binding, means that the code associated with a given function call isn't known until the time of the call at runtime.A virtual function can be overridden in a derived class. This means that in case a derived class is involved, the version of the function in the derived class will be called. Otherwise, the version in the base class will be called.The primary mechanism that C++ uses to resolve virtual function calls is a "vtable" (virtual table). A vtable is essentially an array of pointers to virtual functions. Each class that contains at least one virtual function has its own vtable. When a virtual function does get called, the vtable is used to resolve to the exact function to be called at runtime.Here's a basic example:```cppclass Animal {public: virtual void sound() { cout << "This is generic animal sound" << endl; }};class Dog : public Animal {public: void sound() override { cout << "Bark" << endl; }};int main() { Animal* animal1 = new Animal(); Animal* animal2 = new Dog(); animal1->sound(); // Prints "This is generic animal sound" animal2->sound(); // Prints "Bark" (Here polymorphism occurs) delete animal1; delete animal2; return 0;}```The key takeaway here is: virtual functions allow us to create a list of base class pointers and call methods of any of the derived classes without even knowing kind of derived class object. This makes our code more general, easier to maintain and read.

answer:Here is the translation of your code snippet from C++ to Perl. Please keep in mind: in Perl, arrays are zero-indexed just like in C++:```perluse List::Util qw( first );sub arrange_checker { my (arr1, arr2) = @_; for my i (0 .. #{arr1} - 1) { if (arr1->[i] > arr1->[i + 1]) { if (first {_ == arr1->[i]} @{arr2}) { return i; } } } return -1;}```This Perl code does the same thing as your C++ code. It declares a function called `arrange_checker` that takes two arrays as parameters. It then iterates over the first array and checks if each element is greater than the next one. If it is, it checks whether this element exists in the second array. If it does, the function returns the current index. If the function doesn't find such an element after iterating over the whole array, it returns -1. Please note that Perl doesn't have an inbuilt function to find an element in an array like C++ `find` function. Therefore, you would need a module `List::Util` and its function `first`. This function would return the first element in the list which makes the condition true (in this case, equal to the `arr1->[i]`). Also, note that Perl uses `@` to denote arrays but to describe an array reference (which we pass to the subroutine) we use `@{arrayref}`. Similarly, for scalar `i` we use [`arrayref->[i]`](http://perldoc.perl.org/perlreftut.html).

answer:{"AnatomicalStructure": ["tooth", "periodontal tissue", "periodontal", "gingiva", "periodontal tissues"], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["perception"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Periodontics"], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": [], "Chemical": [], "ClinicalAttribute": [], "Eukaryote": ["humans"], "Finding": ["pain", "diagnosis", "Discomfort"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["examinations", "OCT", "evaluation", "Optical Coherence Tomography", "assessment", "imaging", "evaluated", "probing", "procedure"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": [], "IntellectualProduct": ["Photonic"], "MedicalDevice": ["instruments", "North Carolina manual probe", "probes", "Florida automated probe"], "Organization": [], "PopulationGroup": ["individuals"], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": ["pilot study"], "SpatialConcept": ["posterior", "in vivo", "Gingival sulcus", "structures", "sites", "gingival", "oral regions", "regions", "top", "bottom", "In vivo", "gingival sulcus", "depth", "sulcus", "environment"], "Virus": []}

answer:Assuming your database table is named "Employees", and has fields "name", "hire_date" and "job_title", the SQL query would be as follows:```sqlSELECT name, hire_date FROM EmployeesWHERE job_title = 'Programmer' AND hire_date <= DATE('2022-10-01', '-5 YEAR')```This query filters out programmers whose hire date goes beyond the last 5 years from October 1, 2022. Please adjust as needed should your database schema diverge.